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Ask the Expert



IF YOU HAVE A PRODUCT RELATED QUESTION, PLEASE USE OUR CONTACT US FORM FOR AN IMMEDIATE RESPONSE.  THIS SECTION IS RESERVED FOR GENERAL WOODWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS.


Michael Van Pelt is the founder of American Sycamore Woodworker’s Retreat.  He has a reputation as the tool guru. Mike has been in woodworking for over thirty years. His knowledge of tools comes from his many years of intertwining experience in the woodworking industry. Mike’s experiences include being active as an Industrial Arts Teacher, professional instructor of power machinery and tool techniques, tool sales, management and owner of woodworking tool retail store, Delta Machinery representative and technical advisory.
 
If you have a question for Michael, choose the Submit Question button to the right by November 30th. We will send you a reply with Mike's response in mid-December and then post it to this page for other members to view. You never know...someone else may have the same question


IF YOU HAVE A PRODUCT RELATED QUESTION, PLEASE USE OUR CONTACT US FORM FOR AN IMMEDIATE RESPONSE.  THIS SECTION IS RESERVED FOR GENERAL WOODWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS.



 

Listed below are questions and answers that have already been submitted.


Questions

[ Back To Main ]
9/24/2009

Sycamore Lumber


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I was wondering if sycamore is a good hardwood for making tables and etc. I have come across several pieces of mirrored sycamore and was wanting to make a coffee and end tables out of it! What is your opinion on this type of wood?
A. Sycamore trees need a lot of water and that is why you will find them along creeks, rivers, and wet areas.  Sycamore makes a beautiful wood if it is dried correctly and quarter-sawn sycamore is beautiful and stable.   Sycamore is to be used only inside because if exposed to the elements will rot very quickly.


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9/24/2009

Seasoning Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I am drying some oak for turning and have the ends coated with parafin wax to keep them from checking and splitting. I am noticing some mold/mildew growing under the wax on some pieces. Is this a big deal can it ruin the wood or does that come with the territory?
A. Sounds as if there is not enough air movement or the environment is damp.  Is the area heated or cooled?  Do you have it stickered properly?  I do not think it will harm the wood and as you said it comes with the territory.  Unless you have a professional monitored set-up, drying wood can be troublesome.


[ Back To Main ]
9/20/2009

Jointing


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. If you take a 3/4" board, 3x7, for example, take it to the jointer, obtain a straight edge, then run it through the table saw to get a clean edge on the opposite side, then run it back through the jointer one more time to clean up the saw blade marks, will you still have the same parallel measurement all the way down the entire length of the board?
A. Yes! Just be sure to use proper jointer techniques and a good stance to feed the material.  I might suggest a good glue line rip blade on your saw and you could eliminate this step.


[ Back To Main ]
9/20/2009

Flatten Rough Cut Air Dried Cherry


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I am trying to use a 6" Jointer to flatten some rough cut air dried cherry. I have checked and adjusted the outfeed table and it seems to be square and flat and am taking small cuts, yet it seems that I am removing way too much material before the boards are flat and they seem to end up much thinner at the beginning and end and thicker in the middle.I am watching grain direction and putting the two high sides down and the crown up. The boards don't seem that warped or twisted, am I looking for perfection or am I doing something wrong. I am trying to keep the downward pressure on the board at the outfeed end near the cutter.
A.

It sure does sound as if you are doing everything correctly.

1: Taking small cuts
2. Forward pressure on the in feed
3. Downward pressure over the knives and out feed table.
4. Correct machine set-up
The only recommendation I have for you is that I only joint the face till it will set flat…..not necessary to completely clean up the face just as long as it will set flat and feed flat through the planer.  The taper does have me perplexed.  Perhaps you could have a woodworking buddy who is more experienced stop over and observe your technique, perhaps we are missing something


[ Back To Main ]
9/20/2009

Wormy Red Oak


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I have a pile of red oak that I was given . As I plane it the majority has worm holes and trails in it. The holes are empty but the trails are full of dust. When finishing it do I clean out the trails/holes and fill them with an epoxy or just leave them.
A. I have built several pieces of furniture from “wormy oak”.  I like the look for country style of furniture. I blow out the dust and use it as is.  It makes the piece of furniture look “old and worn”.  In my opinion a great look for this style of furniture.  I believe that trying to fill it would look worse.  Perhaps not something I would want for a table top, but I love the look for a blanket chest.


[ Back To Main ]
9/20/2009

Turning & Drying Green Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I have recently been experimenting with turning green wood. It turn very nice and easy to cut. What is the best way to dry the wood after I turn it? I have tried placing the turned object in several brown bags and let set for 2 - 3 weeks. Also dried drying in microwave. Have heard of soaking finished product in liquid soap but not tried yet. The bag method works but still end up with some cracked pieces.
A. The joy and ease of turning green wood is a blessing but drying it is a wild chance of luck most of the time.  The brown paper bag surrounded by shavings is the best way in my opinion.   Are you familiar with the internet woodworking chat room “Wood Central?”  They have a wonderful chat room for wood turners only and there is a wealth of free good information on the site. You can tap into the wisdom and expertise of someone that turns green wood exclusively.


[ Back To Main ]
9/20/2009

Cutting Maple Trees


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt
 
Q. I have just cut down three maple trees and would like to cut them into lumber.how long do you wait to cut them into lumber?
A. The logs need to be sawn as soon as possible and then stickered, stacked, and covered.  Depending on your location it will take two to five years to air dry and then in my opinion, then should be kiln dried to build furniture from.


[ Back To Main ]
9/9/2009

Rough Saw Cherry Planks


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

Q.
Should I plane my rough saw cherry planks prior to biscuit joining, or does it matter?
A. You should plane all the material to the same thickness prior to biscuit joining so the biscuit stays as close to the middle as possible.


[ Back To Main ]
6/24/2009

Powderpost Beetles in Curly Maple


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I recently got some curly maple fire wood that I want to turn. It has holes in it that show powderpost beetles in it How can I get rid of them? Will microwaving take care of them or mineral spirits or something else?
 A.
You can do what you want.  I would not take a chance in bringing that into my shop and infecting other wood.  It is fire wood…burn it. I done a quick research on the web and I believe the chemicals needed to treat it would not be worth the danger and expense.   Good luck.  Perhaps you could check with your local pest control and see what they have to say.




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6/24/2009

Furniture Lumber


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I like to build furniture as a hobby. How often do you use 12 in wide lumber? What are your typical widths used for your projects? I am trying to justify my needs for a jointer/planer.
 A.


I use a jointer and a planer every day and they are the foundation and the work horses of my shop.  I am blessed with a 12” and an 8” jointer and a 20” planer.  There are not two many times I have to rip down a board to fit my jointer.  Having the wide planer is nice for glue ups.

I use the big jointer for face jointing and the 8” for edges.  This helps keep my 8” knifes sharp to produce a good glue line.  My recommendation to you is to buy the largest jointer you can afford.   Not only the wide width but the long bed is a big plus. 

I just received an order today from Frank Miller Lumber Union City IN and out of 500 bd ft of red oak there are a lot of 10” to 12” material.  Thanks God for my big jointer.  It is nice not to have to rip down lumber to fit a smaller jointer. 

Good luck.





[ Back To Main ]
6/24/2009

Wood Dry


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I'm struggling with knowing whether or not the wood I'm using is dry. I'm cutting up wood that I have; some has laid in the log for over a year. I take the limbs and slice them on my band saw and then put them through the planer. I am gluing these up to turn on my wood lathe. If it's not dry I assume it will come apart as it dries and shrinks, is this a good assumption?
 A.


For turning wood does not have to be dry…many prefer turning wet wood…I would just use bigger pieces and not try to glue it up because I do not believe you will have any good results.  Just have fun turning green wood and let the chips fly.  AS far as using this kind of wood for building furniture it would be better to burn it in your fireplace.

ps…buy your self a moisture meter!  Rockler carries a good one.





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6/24/2009

Planing Tapered Stock


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I have face jointed rough stock but the piece is now tapered how should the piece be feed into the planer to thickness it?
 A.
You want to be very careful when planning tapered stock.  Take very light passes till you get the material somewhat even.  I would feed the thin end first, and “sneak-up” on the thickness.




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Drying Burls


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I work with hickory, oak, pine and magnolia burls. What is the best method for drying them out? Currently, I just leave them alone for months after I've shaved them off the tree. Is there a quicker method?
 A.
Burls are truly amazing. You are doing it the right way here. Mother nature just can't be rushed. I would not change a thing that you are doing.




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4/16/2009

Preparing Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I want to build an entertainment center out of some ruff stock (walnut) of various sizes. Some of the measurements 3"x10"x12', 4"x8"x8', 1 3/4"x7"x10' - you get the idea. If most of my project's face and doors will be 3/4" x 1 1/2"(face) and then glue ups for door panels - what is the best way & the steps to go about preparing ruff stock for building? I do have table saw, band saw, planer and jointer (6").
 A.
The steps are called S4S. Or surface on four sides. Delta has an article on their website that covers this in great detail. In short, You can start with planing the boards flat if they are basically flat to begin with. If they are cupped, warped, bent, bowed, twisted or generally crooked then proceed with all caution. Cut the pieces in shorter stable work pieces. Work out the defects. In your case, walnut typically has a 50% waste factor. Meaning that half the cutoffs are scrap. Better stock nets less scrap. Sometimes it is necessary to face joint defective boards to make them flat. Truth is that if you have to face joint a board it will most usually continue to warp even after it was made "flat". Remember, solid wood will expand and contract over time. It is just its nature. So go read Norm's article on S4S. It is time well spent. Eventually the 4 surfaces must be planed and jointed flat and square to each other. Then they can be crosscut to the accurate finished dimensions. Then that's called S6S. Work Safe!




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Wood Moisture Content


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Ambient air humidity effect on wood.. If you start with the wood at say 8% mc and your work area is say 25%, how's that affect the wood? Wouldn't its moisture content climb to 25% as well? If it does why start with wood at a lower moisture content to begin with?
 A.
Wood is three things. Cellulose, lignin(glue) and extractives. The equilibrium moisture content for furniture should ideally be between 6 to 8%. The wood cells are stable at this and do not show huge swings in absorption of moisture because the wood fibers are self sealed with organic compounds. I learned these things in forestry school. Anyhow, wood will always be elastic in that it is effected by humidity. That is why furniture must be built in a way to allow for expansion and contraction. But in a very limited range of movement. Otherwise furniture would just crack up and destroy itself with wild wood grain movements. Once wood has dried to 6 to 8 % moisture it will not take on free moisture. So it becomes "controlled". Hope this helps.




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Wood Circle


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I would like to learn how to make wood circle frame from wood. What would I have to do?
 A.
Make a beam compass. Take a wood square 1" x 1" x 24" and drill a deck screw through one end within 1" of the end. Drill a series of holes down the length of the wood to fit a pencil tightly into the hole. Draw a circle the size of the frame desired. Select boards to make the frame and use the circle to do your layout. Cut the parts out on a band saw. Sand the mitered angles into a perfect fit. Use pocket screws to draw the frame together. It is all in the layout and it starts with the beam compass jig. Stack one size on top of the next to add depth. Experiment and have fun.




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4/16/2009

Twisted Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Hi Scott, I love your show. I have a small shop (one car garage) so I don't have much room,or money, for equipment.I have a table saw, band saw, miter saw, router table, drill press, and a bench grinder.I am always fighting with twisted or warped wood.My question is if you could only have one which would you choose a jointer or a planer?
 A. A planer will never take the twist out of a board. Face jointing is the only way, short of hand planing. Twisted boards are worthless in my book. They are dangerous to work with and can cause kick backs. I cut them up in very, very short lengths and if that does not solve the twist -firewood! Can you tell I am passionate about twist? Thanks for your support of The American Woodshop!




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4/16/2009

Smell of Old Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have an antique oak dresser. The drawers are another type wood. All wood is solid, no plywood. It has a strong musty smell. I stripped the old varnish/shellac with ACE Stripper. I sprayed the unit inside and out with a strong bleach/water solution. It still stinks. I will next spray with lacquer thinner and follow with mineral spirits. I would like to restore the piece but do not want to waste my time if I cannot de-stink the unit. Any suggestions are welcome.
 A.
You danced all around one of the best cleaners ever - alcohol. Try it, soak it on and let it dry over night. That should do it. Plus it sterilizes the heck out of the interior.




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4/16/2009

Slabbing Burl Stumps


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Bought a burl stump and am now stumped about how I can cut it into slabs to use, since I don't have a 2' sawmill blade handy or a band saw that will cut something that big. Is a chainsaw the only way to go, or is there something with a little more class and less waste that would work to cut the stump into 2-3" thick slabs?
 A. It is worth calling in a portable bandmill to saw this up properly. They usually have a minimum charge but negotiate. Short of this you are stuck with the chain saw technique. I am in the same boat. It is a matter of cost efficiency. Good hunting!




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4/16/2009

Wood Choice for Chair Project


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Scott, Your "Cross Brace Chair" in April 08 Woodcraft magazine was recommended for white oak - western red cedar is cheaper and more available where I live. What would be the downside of using cedar (durability, chair strength, load capability etc.). Speak to outdoor wood selections in general.
 A.
Cedar is just not strong enough to work. White oak is durable and strong. So in general this project needs to be made from hardwoods not soft woods.




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4/16/2009

Sawmills


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I am thinking about buying a portable lumber mill that uses a chainsaw what are the pros and cons I am a weekend warrior.
 A.
Pro - relatively cheap. Con - can be dangerous and very labor intensive. How about this: collect enough wood to be sawn that you can hire a portable band saw mill to come to you and saw your material on site for .35 cents per foot. It will have a universal thickness (unlike chain sawn lumber) and much less waste. Google Wood Miser mills in your area and you'll be in business.




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Wood Drying


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. How can I dry a slab of wood approx. 3" thick without cracking? One of them is 34" in dia. and is Sugar Maple.One other is same size but is Hemlock.They are cut from the stump where I had logged the tree from and since it had such a beautiful shape and rings,I am wanting to make clocks from them.
 A.
Air drying will take 1 year for every inch of thickness - no short cuts here. Paint the end grain with any old latex paint to minimize end checks and block the wood at least 18" from the floor. Good ventilation and air movement helps. Air dried will reach 9% which is usable. 6 to 8% is ideal though.




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Cutting Walnut


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Bought 2" thick 18" x 24" walnut block at garage sale of retired woodworker. Don't know age of wood. Plan on removing excess edges to design for oval wood tray I plan to carve out.Problem; this is the HARDEST wood ever come across in 40 years of woodworking. 15 amp miter saw won't go through it to cut off corners, let alone hand carve it! Stuff is bulletproof! Any ideas? Almost afraid to try and router out tray hollow instead of carving out.
 A.
Walnut can be "bullet proof " practically if it is old growth for the deep woods where it grows slowly. The solution is to use a well tuned up band saw with a 3/8" 3TPI silicone steel blade. Use cool blocks instead of steel guide blocks too. Helps the blade do the job better and will never destroy the set of the teeth. Ever use an angle grinder with a tungsten carbide cutter? If you have the proper training with this tool it will work the best. Always use the guard as shown in the instruction manual. Wear a dust mask too. Work safely!




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Pine Boards


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Since I am a beginning woodworker and mostly do scroll saw work I usually buy pine boards. I have tried many things but they still cup and bow. Is there anyway to keep this wood from changing or should I buy a different type of wood?
 A.
The “stuff”  the big boxes sell is pretty low quality.  Visit your local hardwood dealer and ask for their recommendations.  Depending on the region of the country you live in, I am confident that you can find a much better quality and should be very affordable.




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Curled & Separated Veneer


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I recently had a piece of veneer plywood curl and separate layers after being exposed to water. Is there a simple method to flatten the curled veneer and re-glue the layers? Two pieces are backer boards for a mirror from an antique vanity and I do not want to just replace. Another piece is from a headboard from the same antique bedroom set. I wish to restore them to original condition as best I can. Any suggestions?
 A.
Please do not shoot the messenger……through that wet stuff away and go buy a new sheet.  Sorry.  I know that is not what you wanted to hear, but you will be money ahead just to replace the wet defective material.




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4/16/2009

Wood Selection


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Retiree, new woodworker. 1st proj: Norm Abrams router table. Premium plywood from Home Depot had to be cut up to fit in back seat of car. At home it WARPED. Was still able to build the project but with "adjustmets". Q: How should I select and minimize warping in future purchases of cabinet grade plywood?
 A.
Lesson Learned!  Do not buy plywood from the box stores.   Find out were the professional cabinet makers in your area buy their wood and supplies.  They should be able to hook you up!




[ Back To Main ]
4/16/2009

Preventing Warping


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I've seen furniture with kerfs cut in a board as an expansion relief to prevent warping. My question is, which side of the board is it best to cut a kerf into?
 A. This is a very old practice and rarely used today.  I would only use it on very wide boards (24 inches plus) and lumber that is not kiln dried to a proper moisture level.  In this day and age we do not see boards that wide very often. Looking at the end grain and if the cup is facing up the kerf would be on the back of the board facing down.




[ Back To Main ]
4/14/2009

Grooves in Boards


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I occasionally use pine 3/8" x 3 1/2" x 8' beadboard (wainscotting)for the backs of bookcases and hutches. These boards contain grooves running the length of the board. What are these grooves for? Is is something to due with wood movement?
 A.
Just part of the design of wainscoting.  Now some flooring will have a relief on the back for air flow and to reduce cupping.




[ Back To Main ]
4/14/2009

Plywood Quality


Answer provide by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I bought birch plywood at a big box store for a bookcase to match my wife's kitchen cabinets. It was difficult to stain to match yet the birch trim stained well. I was further shocked to find that the plywood back side was covered with luan! What criteria do you use to judge plywood quality?
 A.
Big box plywood is usually the cheapest kind that they can buy and they buy from whatever source is the cheapest at the time with no regard to quality.  Call around to your local cabinet shops and ask them where they are buying their plywood.  Usually American made plywood is superior to the imports.  Thicker veneers and less patches and holes.  Find a good local source and support them.




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4/14/2009

Type of Wood for Bedroom Set


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I am building a new bedroom set for the wife out of red oak. I would like to accent the door and drawers by covering them with veneer. What kind of wood would really accent the furniture and not cost me my first born? I will be using vacuum to adhere the veneer.
 A.
I think you will find most veneers other than the unusual sell for about the same price.  Just personal taste but I think a quarter-sawn red oak veneer would match well. Hope this makes the wife happy.




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4/14/2009

Home Building Use of Black Cherry Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I know someone with a saw mill. Could black cherry be made into dimension lumber for home building?
 A.
It would be a shame to use cherry lumber as dimensional lumber inside walls.  Of course it could be used but I would rather use poplar or another utilitarian wood. Save your cherry for cabinets and inside trim.




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4/14/2009

Squirrel Feeder Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I read that oak trees did not produce enough acorns this year to sustain the squirrel population. I built a squirrel feeder out of a pressure treated board to help them out. But now I am having second thoughts. Will the pressure treated wood harm the squirrels? I know cedar would be best, but the home improvement store only sells cedar slats in spring and summer.
 A.
All research I have done on the internet says no.  Thanks for feeding the squirrels.  I have a bunch here in my yard in Indiana and I enjoy watching them.  I also feed the birds and enjoy the squirrels trying to get into the bird feeders.




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4/14/2009

Cutting Patterns


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. How do you make the cutting patterns for cutting the wood you need for a project. In other words how do I figure out how to get the most cut items from a piece of lumber?
 A.
I use a piece of sidewalk chalk and mark out the pieces from the rough board.  I am looking for yield and matching grain and or character.  Using chalk allows me to “change” my mind so to speak.



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4/14/2009

Salvaging Dried-Out Pine Boards


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. The roof on our house is sheathed with 1x12 pine boards. We will be replacing the entire roof this spring (rafters are undersized, adding attic trusses) and I was wondering if it would be worth trying to salvage the sheathing boards. Being on the roof they are extremely dry, to the point of being brittle or tempered. Some boards are also cupped quite severely. I can deal with the cupped boards (rip to narrower widths) but I'm not sure if it's possible to restore them to the proper moisture content for furniture/projects. Any ideas?
 A.
Please do not shoot the messenger!  Sounds like dumpster material to me.  Too much work to salvage and being so dry, sounds like dry rot.  I do not believe it would be worth your time.




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4/14/2009

Planing Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Now that I'm retired I've decided to make Oak panel(flat panel) doors for my daughter. I went out and purchased 5/4 rough Red Oak and ripped it to 3" wide and about 34" long. I jointed one side then I planed all the boards. I flipped them after each pass and being a retired machinist, I would check them with calipers(dial). The wood would vary in thickness about .010-.015 over the length. As I progressed in planing, I would check for straightness and re-joint the ones that were not flat. Still, when I got down to .780-.770 I stopped and rejointed one edge to prep for semi-final width ripping. As I got each one ripped I placed them together on edge. I left about .060-.075 for final width(which is 2.5". I noticed that some boards had a slight bow to them. The worse at approx. .030 max. That was only about 3-5 out of twenty. Did I do anything wrong or is this normal?
 A.
No, you have done everything exactly right.  It is just the wood being wood.  There may have been some tension strength in the board to cause the wood to move: just the nature of the beast.




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4/14/2009

Wavy Veneer


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I bought a packet of veneering some time back and it has become wavy. How do I get it flat again. It stays on my bench and it is not exposed to the elements. My shop has Central Heat and Air.
 A.
I checked with my good friend David at Timber Creek Design in Indianapolis.  David does a lot of veneer work and stores it in his shop.  David suggests that you keep it weighted down trying to help keep it flat.  However David reports that when you go to use the veneer (he uses a pressure air bag) it will pull down flat with no problems.




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4/14/2009

Bending Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I'm making a cabinet that calls for curved doors and drawer fronts. How do I make these components?
 A.
Curved doors and drawer fronts can be made in several ways.  Cut out on a bandsaw from a thick piece of stock or laminated from thin stock over a form.  Lots of good articles in past issues of Fine Woodworking.




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4/14/2009

Wood Species


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I am relatively new to woodworking and am fascinated by all of the different characteristics each wood species offers. Would you please recommend a good book or resource that offers an overview on the different species of wood and how to better understand them from a woodworker's perspective?
 A.  

Check out the IWCS International Wood Collectors Society. They offer a box of samples (36) for a contribution of $75.00 less if you join the club.  They also sell several books on the subject of wood.  A great organization and a bunch of really nice folks.



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4/14/2009

Floor Darkening with Age - Tigerwood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. A friend of mine wants to install tigerwood flooring in his house but he said it gets too dark with age. I wonder if the problem has to do with the way it is finished. Can you tell me what can be done to prevent it from darkening with age?
 A.
Nothing!  Oh! There are some ways to retarded the darkening but it is going to turn dark no matter what you do.  It is just the rule of the universe!  Sorry!




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4/14/2009

Aromatic Cedar


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Is there any way to prevent aromatic cedar from "bleeding". I have had a couple of projects ruined because people wanted the smell of the cedar, but had to put up with the inconvenience of the wood oozing in places.
 A.
No not really…just choose your material carefully and stay away from large open knots and cracks. If you seal it up with a finish it loses it fragrance.




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4/14/2009

Mix Cedar & Mahogany to Make Furniture


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. What happens when you mix cedar & mahogany to make kitchen furniture? Do they shrink at different rates etc?
 A.
No problem if both woods are properly kiln dried.  Mixing woods to make kitchen furniture should not give you any problems.  Just design with wood movement in mind.




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3/26/2009

Used Lumber Lacquer


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I am planning to build a vanity from oak recycled from a house reno (old stair banisters). The oak has old stain and I think some lacquer. My question is, should I sand old lacquer off before I joint and plane the wood? I am concerned that the old lacquer might dull the blades on my equipment.
 A. That is a decision you will have to make.  I never use used lumber unless it has some special meaning.  Lumber from my great-grandfather’s farm barn was turned into a large dining table.  It cost me a tablesaw blade and sharpening cost for my jointer and planer. I do not care how carefully you check the lumber you will find a nail or two with the equipment.  But I believe that in this case it was worth the cost and trouble of changing blades out.  If you are going to use used lumber with a lacquer finish I would take an aggressive belt sander to it and then go for it knowing that using used lumber comes at a price.




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3/26/2009

Wood Preparation


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I used behr pre-stain conditioner (brushed on) and the texture of the wood is very rough. Should I sand it before staining?
 A. Wood preparation is very important.  If I am going to stain the wood I will start with 80 grit, then 100 grit, 120 grit, and followed by 150 grit.  If you sand some woods past150 grit it tends to close the pores of the wood and doesn’t like to absorb the stain.  Then I would apply the conditioner following the manufactures directions.




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3/26/2009

Curved Doors


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I would like to build a cabinet with 3/4"curved doors. How do I bend the wood to the desired curve?
 A. There are several ways to do this:  You could use wiggle board and veneer and glue up a door.  You could determine the angle and cut and glue pieces up much like making a barrel.  You could saw out with a large bandsaw.  You could even carve one out of solid.




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3/26/2009

Wood Protection


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I have installed a 2" thick maple top on a dishwasher which does generate heat. This is a food prep area, including chopping. What is the best oil to protect the wood,in today's market?
 A. I like and recommend Behlens Salad Bowl finish.  I would finish both sides to start.




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3/26/2009

Wood Fasteners & Lumber for the Future


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. May I ask two questions? 1) I am pondering the look and practical creation of wooden fasteners and hardware attachments for new shop cabinet doors and more in my work shop. In conjunction with this shop building, I am considering using cast off lumber from building sites and cabinet shops. Mr. Van Pelt, do you have advice and recommendations of reference materials? 2) As wonderful timber from forests are being used up, still we can replace many of them for future generations by planting in our yards and fields and stream sides. Even though trees by themselves grow differently from those in dense forests still we can plant trees for future uses like Rosewood for guitars or Black Walnut or Spruce on and on. What are your thoughts? What can you suggest?
 A. Take a look at Sam Maloof’s book.  He shows some pretty neat and artic designs for common door latches and handles.  Just let your creative juices flow and see what you can come up. 

 

As far as cast off lumber from building sites and cabinet shops in my opinion it is just that …..trash and should be burnt.  I do not have the time and or the patience to mess with dumpster diving.  My shop time is way more valuable.  Material cost on a project is nothing compared to my invested time. I save my scrap here at the school but soon it will overwhelm you.  I do try to save usable material but after a while it goes into the outdoor furnace to heat my building. Trees are a renewable crop and must be responsibly harvested and controlled.  It is not the lumber harvesting that is affecting our wood supply, it is the cut down and burn for farm ground in poor third world countries that are wasting the resources, but they are just trying to feed their families not save the world.  It is a pretty controversial subject!  I understand that there are more acres planted in trees today than when our country was formed.

 

I believe that a private citizen can do the most valuable work by staying informed and voting informed for the people that will save our trees and create new and innovative ways to help grow more wood for our future. Here in Indiana I do a lot of walnut tree farms.  It is nice that people are planning for the future.   Good luck and thank-you for a very interesting topic and questions.

 

 





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3/26/2009

Antique Clock Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. My mother left me a beautiful red forest clock, it is cherry wood with a deep lacquer finish, once when she was painting she got a smudge on the clocks finish. She was painting with high gloss enamel, like model paint enamel, it was not a wall paint. I have not tried to removed the enamel from the laquer yet because I do not know the best way to achieve minimal damage to the clocks finish. Any tips?
 A. I would not touch it!  I would either live with the paint drop or take it to a real professional!  Check with your states museum and art restoration experts.  An unskilled hand could easily ruin the complete finish and look of the clock.  An heirloom from your mother would be worth the investment of a professional.




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3/26/2009

Wood Spindles


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I need 12 decorative wood spindles for the back of an antique rocking chair,where can I purchase them?
 A. Try your local woodworker’s hangouts.  Perhaps a Rockler or Wood Craft or woodworking tool store will be able to help you. Check out the yellow pages for nearby woodworking shops to locate a turner.




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3/26/2009

Wood Products


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I carve boats. Any kind that I get a photo of. I have used pine and spruce but now I would like to use some nice hard wood but I can't find wood stores that carry them. Can you help?
 A. Do a web search for Woodfinder.  This service will give you a lot of choices for sources of carving wood.   Basswood would work great.  Walnut carves nice.




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3/26/2009

Grooving Hardwood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I'm making "mission style" panel doors for kitchen cabinets with 2 1/4" x 3/4" maple for the frame and 1/4" MDF for the panels. I cannot figure out why some grooves are much tighter than others when I make the 1/4" x 1/2" deep groove on my table saw with a 1/8" wide dado blade. I pass the wood twice (reverse method) to get the edge prefectly centered and use a good feather board to keep it tight and constant against the fence. The wood is straight, dry and from the same batch. Some piece (mostly the rails) are loose. I know I will struggle when it comes time to glue all the pieces together. Sanding the edge helps a bit, but I may loose the fine sharp edge that I like with maple.
 A. A stumper!  My guess is that the rip fence is not square to the blade?   Please check out your saw and make sure everything is square and in line. After tuning up your saw check and make sure your blade is not causing the problem.




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3/26/2009

Wood Warping


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I have some red oak that keeps cupping. It was in the rough and dried. Iran it through the thickness planner cutting off of both sides equally, but I am still having cupping problems. The red oak has been cut to 1" x 6"'s and 1" x 8"'s. The moister reader I used is not detecting any moister. Help! What could be wrong with this wood. I was told after it was dried it sat outside in the weather not covered.
 A. A couple of things to consider. I believe it is not the wood but your milling technique.  A planer will NOT produce flat lumber….only thinner lumber.  I always face joint all lumber first on my jointer to get it flat, and then run it through the planer to the desired thickness (removing equally from both sides).   Your moister meter should be reading around 6-8%. for kiln dried hardwoods.




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3/26/2009

Walnut Board Steaming


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I read that some walnut can be steamed to darken the lightest shades of the walnut. How do you know if this has been done or is it something that is done when laying the floor.
 A. Steaming is done in the professional drying process and I do not recommend that you try it at home.  If you are looking for dark constituent color pick the lumber for color and match.




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3/26/2009

Aged Wood Finish


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I am trying to duplicating the look and texture of barn wood. I would greatly appreciate any preparation/finishing techniques or information resources for such?
 A. I suggest that one could use a sand blaster and give the boards that “Barn Board” old looks.  Perhaps even a high pressure washer could do the same.  I believe that the sand blaster would give you better control and would not be as hard on the material as water would be.  I would also experiment with painting the boards.  Perhaps a base coat then sandblast and then applies a top coat to achieve the desired looks.  Good luck




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10/15/2008

Workbench Trim


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. Why is maple trim used around quality workbenches? Is there a specific reason for it and can you use other woods that are less expensive?
 A.
Hard maple is used because of its density and strength. Maple can take a greater beating and maintain its edge. Although, you can use any material of your choice.




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10/15/2008

3/32 inch Hole Bored 24 inches Long


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. I am seeking your opinion. I am wondering how a hold could be bored through a piece of wood 24 in. long. I would like to know if you think this could be done on a lathe or not and if you have any other recommendations. The piece of wood would be turned to perhaps 1 1/2 in diameter at its widest, and somewhere between 1/4 to 5/16 at its narrowest (the ends).
 A.
The method I would use for a small diameter hole like that, would be to rip the material down the middle you are using, and use a core box router bit on the router table and place a half round in both pieces of material and glue them back together.




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8/26/2008

Using Steam to Bend Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Do you know of any on-line resources (free) that will enable me to learn how to construct and use some apparatus (using hot steam to soften the wood) to bend slight curves on moldings?
 A.  Google “Steam Box” or “bending wood”  you will find a lot of information.




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8/26/2008

Price of Materials


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. What is the average woodworker to do about the cost of wood and finding a supplier?
 A.
I believe that wood is relatively inexpensive if you consider that I can take $800.00 worth of wood and turn it into a $6500.00 rocking chair.  I just completed a quarter-sawn white oak dresser that had about $500.00 worth of wood that I sold for $3200.00.   It is my labor and overhead that is expensive.  That is why I always buy quality kiln dried lumber from a known source.  You are always hearing stories about someone who knows someone’s cousin that knows someone that has wood for $1.00 a board ft.  I can not take a chance on this wood to be quality and spend 80 hours of my time working with an inferior product.  In my opinion air dried lumber is for fire wood.   Google Wood Finder.  Wood finder is the most complete listing of wood sellers that I am familiar with.




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8/26/2008

Hardwood Choice


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Wood magazines show many projects that specify hard wood. From the photos it seems that maple was used, but that is only a guess. What hard woods would you suggest from the standpoint of price, ease of use, and the type of application to which it is used.
 A.
I mostly use hardwoods here at the school.  I love working with cherry lumber.  I like Shaker style furniture and a lot of Shaker was made from cherry.  When doing an Arts & Crafts period piece then quarter-sawn white oak is used.  I use maple for our work bench class for its hardness and strength.  Mahogany is my wood of choice when doing a Green & Green piece.  Mahogany is a gift from God! The most perfect wood to work.   It is sad that we have just about deleted the specie from our planet.

Walnut is easy to work and a beautiful wood.  Some people have a slight allergic reaction to walnut fine dust.  I use poplar lumber for a secondary wood for inside a dresser or used to make draws.  I love it when people ask me:  “How do you stain poplar to look like cherry”……I answer” You don’t …..you buy cherry.  I consider wood to be cheap.  I can take $400.00 worth of wood and turn it into a $3500.00 dresser…..I call that a good return on my investment.




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8/26/2008

Wood Grain


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. My wood of preference is ash (poor man's oak). I buy logs from local farmers and have it slabbed by a local sawmill final cost about $0.80/bf, good deal. Because it is slab cut the surface of the board has grain markings resembling an arrowhead. When feeding into a King 16" planer I sometimes get chipping. Should I feed the board into the planer point first or tail first. I've tried both and there is little difference. When planing both sides is there any special sequence to follow? Any advice will be greatly appreciated.
 A.  
First of all, let’s take a look at the correct way to mill lumber flat.  Are you face jointing the lumber first?  You can not produce flat parallel lumber by running both sides through a planer.  Lumber must first be face jointed flat on a jointer and then ran through the planer to produce furniture quality lumber.  I do not want to come across as being head strong but I am adamant about using a jointer first. Ash machines nice but your blades need to be sharp.  As you well know, Ash is hard lumber.  How are you drying the lumber?  What are you using the lumber for?

 

As far as direction of feed, I call this “petting the dog”:  I rub the board with my hand as I would pet a dog, pet the dog from head to tail and it is nice and smooth, pet the dog from his tail to his head and you can fell the dog’s hair is backwards and rough.  I would feed the board in as feeding the head of the dog first.  Good luck!

 





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8/26/2008

Quartersawn Definition


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I saw a sled for a table saw on Wood Works. I asked a local Woodsource employee if they were good he said great just use quartersawn wood for the guide. I am a novice and was not about to ask as I am a bit old for beginning woodworking but I love it! Could you supply the definition? Thanks!
 A.  

Quartersawn boards are created by first cutting a log into quarters and then creating a series of parallel cuts perpendicular to the tree's rings.  The grain in quartersawn wood is relatively consistent, and therefore the end product is stable and often preferred by woodworkers and furniture-makers. Quartersawn wood may include medullary rays and wavy grain patterns that some people prefer to the figures that are revealed with alternative sawing methods.

Since the yield produced by quartersawing wood is substantially lower than other plainsawing, the cost is relatively high. Oak is the most common quartersawn wood; on occassion you may be also able to find quartersawn walnut, cherry and maple. The increased stability, makes quartersawn wood highly sought after for string instrument necks and fret boards.  Most of the quarter sawn white oak we use here at American Sycamore comes from Frank Miller Lumber Union City IN.  If anyone every has the opportunity to visit Frank Miller I highly recommend it.  They have a beautiful show room with tons of wood to chose from!





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8/26/2008

Lumber Selection


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Want to build adirondack chairs without putting a finish on them. What are good woods to use?
 A.
White oak, Cypress, and Mahogany would all be good outside woods for an Adirondack chair.  All though a finish is not required, I believe you will find that one could certainly extend the life of the chair with a good quality finish.




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6/27/2008

Restoring Deep Scratches in Furniture


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. Do you have a technique or does a product exist that allow deep scratches to be filled in on furniture to match the color? I was thinking of a material that would cure with UV light and that a coloring agent could also be included.I know that some products exits for cars, but I have never seen something similar for wood.
 A.
Woodcraft did sell this dental compound for a while. It just never really caught on. Epoxy burn sticks are the traditional cure for scratches by pros. You can not find the repair once completed. It is not hard to melt in the material. It is an art to match the color. That's why they get $50? an hour. It is art!




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6/27/2008

Drying Black Walnut


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have recently been give two tree trunks of black walnut.one was 14 wide"x6" long the other is almost 30"widex4'long.i am learning to turn and being to eager i cut one of them into chunks about 10" long and they are about 14"across with the bark still on them.now they were left out in the elements for about 5 years as logs and soaked up a LOT of water.my question is can i use my conventional oven in my house to dry these chunks?if so how long and at what temp should i set it at?or do i actually have to wait years and years for it to dry?i used a microwave on a small piece and it seemed to work well but two days after i turned a small bowl it warped so badly that i was ashamed to have it in the house and i burned it.please help me with this as i cant wait to use this beautiful black walnut.
 A.
Please accept the fact that wood moves. If it warps a bit, that is part of the joy of it! No more burning your turnings please. That bowl had character! Here's what you do. Turn all the walnut green and dry it after it is completely turned. Walnut turns great green. Once dry it is hard to turn. SO keep the walnut blanks off the floor and out of the sun, paint the end grain with latex paint to stop end checks. Then use a chain saw and a band saw to cut the blanks to the desired balanced form. Turn away. Sand and finish. Put the bowl in a paper bag. Microwave it on meat defrost for 5 minutes. It will be stable. It might move on you. That costs more!!!!!!! Anyone can turn dry wood. Only a master embraces green wood turning! Turn away!




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6/27/2008

Water Ring Removal


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. How do you get rid of water rings on furniture, without having to re-surface?
 A.
Woodcraft sells white ring remover for this. It is called Liberon Ring Remover. See Woodcraft.com and check it out.




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6/27/2008

Bending Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I would like to know what is the best wood to us to bend. It's a crazy question I know. I have to make pig tails, like a girls pig tails, made out of wood about 14" long. I make funny faces for people out of wood, now someone wants a girl face with pig tails. I could carve then but that takes to long. Can you help?
 A.
Naturally Chuck the thinner the better here. I have great success bending basswood, cherry, butternut, cypress and white oak. If you microwave the pieces first for one minute they bend easier. Keep an eye on them at all times during microwaving. Wood can burn right? Maybe wait until someone goes out for an errand, Don't want people thinking that your marble count has gone down.




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6/27/2008

Warped Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have a glued up table top of oak that is 1" thick x 20" wide x 48" long that has developed a slight warp to it (length warp). I presently have 130 lbs. of weight on it to attempt to straighten it out. Do you have any other ideas of what I could try. P.S. I love your shows,you have motivated me to use the bandsaw more.
 A.
Thanks for you support! I appreciate it! The top has built in stress that will not go away without bigger action. If it was mine I would remove the top, rip it down the length where the twist is most prominent then glue it back together using a flat surface like a work bench to establish the truely flat plane. Sometimes that means that the edge is raised a bit on the surface. If it is then use a belt sander or hand plane to make it flat. Then refinish it. Or use a felt peal and stick foot pand and put it under one foot that is raised and call it a lesson in wood tension. Only you will know the top is warped.




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6/27/2008

Drying Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have a sawmill and have cut lumber I place in a drying shed . The moisture content is still way above what is needed for furniture making. A chemical called (dap) was mentioned to me to keep the wood stable , is there anything on the market that will work ? or will I have to build a heated drying shed.
 A.
John Wilson has perfected a solar kiln that costs peanuts to run. His website is Shakerovalbox.com. I believe he sells a great plan for this. Eventually the sun does all the hard work. You just provide the fan to move the air around. It dries 1 inch hardwoods in about 3 months to 8%. Never use wood with a moisture content higher than 8% in furniture. It will move and split.




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6/25/2008

Poplar


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have two slabs cut across the diameter of a large Poplar, that I have been drying out for a year. I am looking for any plans that I could follow to make two tables from these pieces of wood??
 A.
No plans exist that I know of. I have a huge burr oak cross section 52" in diameter that I made into a table by using an edge banded 3/4" birch plywood sub table foundation. I used 2 1/2" square oak legs raked and splayed at 4 degrees. An apron is tenoned into each leg. The slab 6" thick is veryheavy so I cross braced the legs diagonally too with stretchers a foot off the ground. I kept the edge natural. I recommend going down this path.




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6/24/2008

Pecan


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. I was wondering if pecan is a good choice for making furniture. I am fairly new to woodworking and have a pecan tree in my yard that has a straight trunk that is twenty feet tall and probably 36 inches in diameter. The tree is at least 85' tall and needs to come down and I hate to burn the log if it would be good to use.
 A.
Pecan wood dried properly can be used to make furniture. I have found a web site that will give you more info on the characteristics of the wood and it's uses. Good luck.   http://www.exotichardwoods-northamerica.com/pecanhickory.htm    Mike




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6/24/2008

Drying Wood for Turning


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. I have some cedar and sasafrass trees I want to cut and use for turning. What is the best way to dry these woods to keep them from splitting while drying?
 A.
You need to seal the ends, so the moisture leaves the piece at an even rate as to not split. Wax is usually used.   Mike




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6/24/2008

Pore Filler


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. Is commercially made pore filler my only option for filling the pores on woods such as oak, walnut, sassifrass, etc? It is a specialty item not available in stores in my town. Is there anything that I can make or use that will work as well as the commercial products?
 A.
Not to my knowledge. There are several kinds of pore filler available through any woodworking stores, such as Rockler, and Woodcraft stores. You can order through the internet at their web sites.   Mike




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5/7/2008

Drying Logs to Make Lumber


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Please tell me how long and how to dry Norway Maple logs, 24" diameter by 5 Ft. long before cutting them into boards. Can these logs be cut into lumber green and then dry the freshly cut boards? If so, how do I dry the boards? Thanks for any information you can send me.
 A.
I would coat the ends with paint and get it to a saw mill as soon as possible to prevent any further damage.  Talk with the sawyer at the mill and he will recommend a stickering method and on how long it will take to air dry.  Then I would find someone with a kiln to finish drying it if I wanted to make furniture with it.    It has been my experience that it is not economically feasible for me to mess with a log. It is a lot of hard work and heavy lifting to mill ones own lumber.  I have only so much time to work wood and to build furniture so I just buy my wood air dried and rough.     On the other hand it must be a joy building a piece of furniture knowing where and how the wood got there.  Good luck!




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5/7/2008

Stock Thickness for Raised Panel Doors


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I find that when I purchase maple to make stiles and rails for cabinet fronts and raised panel doors it comes plained on both sides but the finish is often not acceptable and the wood does not even lie flat. This stock comes 3/4" but after passing it through the jointer and then the plainer the thickness is some what less. Is there a standard thickness for door and draw fronts and cabinet fronts or am i just being too picky.
 A.
No, you are not being too picky.  This is the reason I own a large jointer so I can face joint my material.  I buy all my lumber rough so I can control the dressing of the lumber.  I suspect that the lumber you bought was run through the planer and never face jointed.  By just running it through the planer your material will always bow and twist and never be truly flat.  A planer only planes to thickness.  If you plane a twisted board you will gwt a twisted board only thinner.   It is a lot of hard work to surface and plane your rough stock, but if you want it flat you must face joint first. . That is the reason I do it myself, that way I know it was done right.  I normally us ¾ thickness material.




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5/7/2008

Warping


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I built some wardrobe doors that are 60 inches tall using 6/4 thick cherry for the rails and stiles. The doors were nice and flat when they were first installed, but several months later some of them began to twist noticeably. I only buy wood which is kiln dried - and we live in a semi arid climate - so moisture shouldn't be the problem. (Woods from humid climates often crack here for lack of moisture in the atmosphere) After assembly, they were sealed on all sides with a pre-catalyzed lacquer. I noticed though, that the hardwood entry and passage doors in the same building aren’t having the same problem. How do door manufacturers keep their rail and stile type doors from warping?
 A.
Great question and I certainly can understand your frustration.  I called my good friend Dave Sochar from Acorn Woodworks in Westfield, IN.  In his career Dave has made more that 5000 doors.  His custom doors are award winning. Dave had several concerns and suggestions.  He always rough cuts out the pieces and lets them set for four or five days to acclimate to the environment.  He always checks his material with a moisture meter to insure that the material is indeed at the right moisture content. When I told Dave that other doors in the building were also having a problem he immediately commented that the environment was the culprit.  Lots of time in a new building the air will be cranked up to cool off the workers and then the finishers wants the floor to dry so they crank up the heat.  The rapid change in atmosphere and moisture racks havoc on solid wood.  Adding in the fact that they used 100 gallons of water based finishing material only adds to the rapid change when the finish is drying and evaporates. Dave commented that he will not replace or repair a door till after one year.  This allows the door to acclimate to the environment.  To sum all this up I believe it is not your fault or responsibility; it is the environment of the building.




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2/25/2008

Cherry Lumber


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I HAVE SOME FRESH CUT CHERRY LUMBER THAT IS YELLOW IN COLOR.  IT CAME FROM THE PLEASENT HILL, OREGON AREA.  WILL IT TURN COLOR AS IT DRIES?
 A.
It will some but the sap wood that is usually yellow in color will not darken much.




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2/25/2008

Wood Grain


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. How do you determine which way the wood grain is running when using a planer?
 A.
Experience will teach you.  I run my hand over the grain of the board and I can feel which way the grain is running.  I call it “petting the dog”.  Pet a dog from his head to his tail and it is smooth, now pet him backwards: tail to his head and it is no longer smooth but you are interrupting and wanting to “pull” out the grain. I feed my lumber into the planer head of the dog first.




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2/25/2008

Alder Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. Why is the alder wood that I am sanding not as smooth as before I apply a finish whether it be stain preconditioner and especially polyurethane?
 A.
First of all alder is a secondary wood normally used for painted pieces or hidden pieces.  I recommend that you sand to 150 grit and then apply the conditioner with a good quality brush evenly and lightly.  Applying too thick could be causing the roughness.




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2/25/2008

Wood Edge Square


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. How do you get the wood edge straight if it is out of square?
 A.
Milling lumber square is the real secret to woodworking.  The process is cutting to rough length, face jointing one face, planning to thickness, jointing one edge square with the jointer, and then going to the tablesaw to rip square the last side.  I hope I have understood your question and this is the information you seek.




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2/25/2008

Wood Biscuits


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. In your opinion, what is the ideal moisture content a Beech Wood Biscuits should have, before usage?
 A.
8.639%. No really. Dry biscuits are the issue, dry being 6 – 8 %. It is important that they are dry enough so that when a water based glue is applied they will absorb the moisture and swell up to lock and hold the wood in a specific location until the glue cures. Biscuits are great for locating two pieces together. The ability to swell into and fill the biscuit slot is what gives them the consistency to be used as references or locaters for large and small glue ups.




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2/25/2008

Squaring Stock


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. I can't find an answer to how I start to square my stock. All articles/authors agree to start with the jointer to create a square side. If all sides are out of square at the start, wouldn't this just result in a thinner or narrower piece of stock, but still out of square. To obtain S4S, don't I need at least one side square to get started? What side do I pick to start this process? I have a lot of hardwood to square. How can I tell what direction to move the stock through the jointer? How do I recognize the pattern of the rays to avoid chewing my stock to pieces?
 A.
The first step in s4s is the jointer. The face of the board needs to be jointed flat. However jointing one face on the board does not make it square, it provides the reference surface that will be used next at the planer. With one face flat it is placed face down and sent through the planer and made parallel. We now have two flat faces on our board parallel to each other. Next we go back to the jointer and joint one edge perpendicular to the face. This now gives us three finished surfaces or s3s. Last we go to the table saw and rip the edge opposite the jointed edge to create four surfaces s4s.                                                     Now how to keep the jointer and planer from chewing up or chipping out your wood. First lets assume your equipment has sharp knives and is all tuned up. Grain direction and feed direction are important to successful results. This is an old example but true, when you pet a cat you run your hand from its head to its tail because this lays the fur down. What happens if you go from the tail to the head? We want to approach the cutter of the jointer and planer in the same manner. With your hand gently run it across the board from one direction then the other. You may feel the fiber of the wood feel smooth one way and rough the other. We would want the smooth direction to go toward the cotter of either the jointer or planer. Use a very light cut, no more than a 1/16” of an inch and if chipping occurs try turning the board around on the next pass.




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2/25/2008

Use of Local Woods


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. I live in the central valley of California and have access to three types of trees. Modesto Ash [fraxinus veluting] California Sycamore [platunus racemosa] and California black oak [Quercus kelloggi].  I have the ability to take logs (maximum of about 16" x 8') and work into lumber.  I also have space to rick, bundle and store for several years of drying.  Are any of these species suitable to use for furniture/cabinet/med. size special projects?
 A.
Ira, Ash, Sycamore and oak can be used for anything.  Be aware that Sycamore dries with a lot of distortion.  Most woodturners love Sycamore, but you rarely see it in furniture.




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2/25/2008

Using Lumber Straight from a Log


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. I have a green (not white) ash log 20" in diameter and about 5'-6’ long that has been drying now for almost two years. What tools do I use to slab it into planks? I don't want to use my chain saw because it doesn't have a ripping chain. I want to do this manually. I can't find a manual two man ripping saw anywhere. I don't want to take it to a small mill either they charge too much. Any suggestions? The bark is still on it. I felled it myself with the intention of making something from it.
 A.
Find someone with a Woodmiser bandsaw or just give up the money and let someone who knows what they are doing cut it.  Your safety is not to be risked over a few dollars.  And cutting wood from logs into boards is not an easy game.




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2/25/2008

Osage Orange Wood


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. I have obtained a nice quantity of this species after a tornado came through the area and leveled some trees. Several were rough sawn and dried at a local mill. As I have tried to break down the slabs in to workable pieces, I am finding the material is very tough and hard on saw blades, etc. On a few small pieces, it seems to take stain and finish well, but I have concerns if I begin to work on a larger piece (dining room table), especially with finishing. (As it seems to have a high content of resins) Also, any tips re: working this species would be appreciated.
 A.
Clear finish is best. But if you got to stain sand to 120 or 150 grit and use an oil base stain like a Minwax or Watco.  As far as workability goes, it is one of the hardest woods we have.  Use good quality carbide cutters and watch your feed rate.




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2/22/2008

Need Machine to Split Aspen Logs


Answer provided by Marc Adams

 Q. Help! I need a machine to cut 12'', 16'',18'' long x 6'' to 8'' circumference logs. I also split 4'' circumference pieces of aspen down the middle. What do you recommend?
 A.
A 14” band saw with a 6” riser block and ½” 3-TPI blade will cut up to a 12” log safely through its center cutting along the long grain only. It is not recommended to cut round items on a band saw unless you have some type of cradle system to give you control.  Wood splitters, both gas and electric,  are also available in many sizes.




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2/19/2008

Water Stains on Raw Pine


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. We have raw pine paneling.  Due to a roof leak, the paneling has black discolorations in spots. I have been reading about oxalic acid.  Will this remove black watermark stains effectively?  If not, any other suggestions.
 A.


There is a web site I’ll send you to that will address this problem in depth. On the Internet in the search window type “using wood bleach”. Then click on USING WOOD BLEACH  by Jeff Jewitt.





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2/19/2008

Fire Retardant Wood


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. What is the most fire retardant wood? I want to incase a small lamp light behind a piece of acrylic and encased in a wood box that will not cause a fire!
 A.
In general, the more dense the wood (oak, ash, etc.) the better off you are. Also consider using as low a watt as possible. You may want to consider treating the inside side of the boards for the box with a fire retarder.




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2/19/2008

Drying Cherry Wood


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. I have some American Black Cherry trees that I have cut and turned into lumber.I have 2X4s, 2X6s, and some 1X3, 1X4, 1X5, 1X6 boards I have stored the wood in a dry, protected area from the weather. How long should I let the wood dry before using it?
 A.
When the moisture content of the wood reaches a balance with the humidity level with the environment of where it’s being dried, it’s done. NOW, with that being said, on average it takes about 4 seasons for that to happen (one year). So an average, if the average humidity level of where you’re drying it at is 75%, then the moisture content of the wood should be 15%, 50% humidity, 10% moisture content. For best results, you will a moisture meter for your wood.




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2/19/2008

Curly Maple


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. My first project with Curly Maple. When I plane it by hand or with my Delta Planer I get major gouges. Is sanding the only option?
 A.

Curly maple is beautiful once it’s finished, but getting there can be real headache. When sending it through my jointer and planer, I take just a whisper (about 1/64” ) of material off at a time. It takes a lot longer then normal, but the end result is worth it. I do my final dimensioning with my drum sander, again just a little at a time.





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2/19/2008

Squaring Stock


Answer provided by Mike Heavey

 Q. For someone who has little experience with table saws, jointers and planners, please pass along the easiest and most understandable way to produce square stock. It seems to me that a cookbook method of squaring stock can be used each time the rough lumber is brought in to the shop. 

 

 

For example, one: determine the miss-haps of the wood, two: start with the (blank), then proceed to the (blank) and so forth until final square stock is produced.

 

 

Thank you for giving the opportunity to talk to a master woodworker.
 A.


Here is the way it’s generally done.

Since wood often bends and warps, especially right after it is cut out of a log, woodworkers have developed techniques to create relatively flat boards. To begin a woodworking project, a woodworker usually starts with rough lumber and must go through various steps to ensure that it is flat. This process is usually called surfacing. Some woodworkers prefer to use handtools only, but for those that use power tools, a jointer is typically used.

A few passes on a jointer is usually sufficient to provide one flat surface. If you were to turn the board over, however, and make some additional passes, you may get a flat side, but it would not necessarily be parallel to the first side.   Another tool is required to create a flat side that is parallel to the first side - a thickness planer. A thickness planer has a flat base and a cutting head on the top. Power rollers feed the wood through the cutting blades and remove a small amount of material - usually 1/64" to 1/32" (.5 to 1mm). If more material needs to  be removed, the wood is fed through the thickness planer for additional passes.

After using the planer, you have two flat and parallel faces. To complete the surfacing process, the woodworker usually takes the partially surfaced board back to the jointer to square up one edge. The remaining edge is usually squared up on a table saw. The ends of the board are usually squared either with a chopsaw or on a crosscut sled on the table saw.

As the name suggests, a thickness planer can also be used to control the thickness of wood. Small amounts of wood are removed in successive passes until the desired thickness is achieved. A set of boards can be sent through on a final pass to ensure that all of them are of equal thickness.




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2/19/2008

Sycamore Wood


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. How difficult is it to work with sycamore?
 A.
Quarter saw sycamore is a joy to use.  Very much like poplar.  Flat sawn sycamore is a little unstable and not very pretty.




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2/19/2008

Wood Preference for Clock


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. What is your favorite or best species to use for clock making, or are there several that are equally good?
 A.
My favorite is genuine mahogany.  God’s gift to the woodworker.  The best most useable, easy to machine, beautiful to finish.  I have also used quarter-sawn white oak for our Stickley clocks and cherry for our Shaker inspired clocks.  Any wood would work more or less just personal preference.




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2/19/2008

Wood Filler


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. What is the best product to fill the grain in cherry or walnut woods?
 A.
There are many companies and brands available.  I have always used and had great results with Behlens product.




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2/19/2008

Wood for Vice Jaws


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. What’s the best wood to attach to the jaws of my 1st new 10" wood vice?
 A. I believe that hard maple would be the best!




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2/18/2008

Walnut


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I have been working on a old walnut table and I need to match the color of the light sap wood in areas to match the rest of the darker walnut. How do I do this so it all matches color? I have tried staining it but it still doesn't match. What am I dong wrong?
 A.
You are not doing anything wrong in my opinion.  Sap wood and heart wood are different colors to begin with and staining them will not make them match.  That is why I am a woodworker I like the natural difference that nature has created.  If I wanted my furniture to have no grain character nor look like wood I would just paint it!

 

 

I you are wanting more of an even tone you can use a dye stain to help darken the sap wood. I suggest you take a look at Bob Flexner finishing book.  You will find a great deal of useful information.




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2/18/2008

Rough Lumber Preparation


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I have some rough cherry and want to use the best procedure.  I have thought I should run a rough board through my joiner on face one first, followed by edge one holding face one to the fence, followed by the planer for face two, followed by the table saw for edge two, followed by the joiner for edge two.  A friend who is a shop teacher says that I should use the planer for the faces and the joiner for the edges.  He says that I should not be using my joiner for any of the faces.  What is the correct procedure for best results?
 A.
Your friend, the shop teacher is mistaken.  You are definitely using the correct procedure in dressing your rough stock.  A planer will not flatten a board.  A planer only makes the board thinner.




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2/18/2008

Straightening Lumber


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

 Q. I am working with some 40 year old air dried dark walnut. The color and texture of this wood is perfect after planing, but I am having trouble with pieces that are warped, bowed, wavy and twisted. Any tips for straightening these pieces? I have various sizes from 1/2" to 2" thick and 2" to 10" wide. Any info would be helpful.
 A.
Do you have a Jointer?  A planner will not take out any twist or bows.  Lumber must be face jointed on a jointer first and then planed to thickness.  I always cut warped boards to the shortest lengths I need.  This will help remove and or reduce the twist.




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2/15/2008

Plywood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I want to make my great grand daughter a doll house. The plans call for 2 sheets, 1/4" good both sides. Can you tell me where, in my area I can get some?
 A.
Woodcraft sells Baltic Birch plywood that works well for this. Plus they sell smaller panels too. That way you have minimal waste. Best of Luck!




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2/15/2008

Tapering Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I would like to make some quartersawn white oak lamp bases that are tapered (Arts & Crafts style) for my wife's stained glass lamp shades.  There are no directions on how to make four even tapers for the lamp.  How is this done or is there a book on the subject?
 A.
Buy a tapering jig that you can use on a band saw or table saw. It has a fence that adjusts and locks to an angle and a stop to hold the board securely to the fence.

 

Plus they are very inexpensive. Follow the instructions that come with the tool.




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2/15/2008

Purchasing Wood Veneer


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I do a lot of repairs on furniture, where is the best place to buy Mahogany veneer?
 A.
I like to buy my veneer from Woodcraft. Great grade and a fair price.




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2/14/2008

Wood Filler


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I am going to replace my carpeted steps soon with wood steps to match my wood floor.  After removing the old rough treads and putting down the new ones, I would like to secure them with some screws so they will stand up to the abuse of 4 children and 2 adults.  I do not want squeaks to find their way into the steps like they do with nails.    I have found some trim head screws that I think would work great.  This is where my question comes in.  After countersinking the screws I will need to fill the hole with something.  I have not had luck in finding wood filler that matches or comes close to matching the wood I'm using. 

 

Do you have experience in making your own wood filler from saw dust and wood glue?  If so, does it work well and is it durable enough for this application? Or is there a better option? 

 

 

Is there a wood filler/ wood putty that you would recommend for this application that would be durable for this use, can be finished, and also have a variety of colors to choose from?
 A.  Tough question.  There are “Lots” of choices here. I recommend using an epoxy based two part stainable wood filler. These will not shrink when drying like water based fillers. Plus you can use the matching stain used on the treads and risers. Matching the color is challenging too. Expect to do many test samples on similar woods – just like an artist and their “pallet” of colors. I suggest going with wipe on gel stains here because they are easier to control. Mix stain colors to get a perfect color match. Experiment on lots of test samples until you find the right “dry” color.




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2/14/2008

Wood Sanding


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. How can I sand a regular baseball bat (maple) with an electric sander or other electric tool? I have trouble sanding the barrel of baseball bats, which is rounded. I'll appreciate your reply.
 A.
Start with 60 grit Aluminum Oxide, then 80 then 100 and finish with 150. Take the tool rest off the lathe. Then use these abrasives to sand on the bottom front quarter of the spinning work piece. Put a dust collector port near the back of the sanding action to collect the air born dust. You are in business! I do not recommend using power sanders for baseball bats. The lathe is the power source.  Just keep the sand paper to 4” by 4” squares and keep them moving! Wear a dust mask!




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2/14/2008

Smoke Smell in Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I HAVE A DISPLAY CASE THAT WAS IN A HOUSE FIRE AND WANT TO CLEAN IT UP AND RESTORE IT AND USE IT AGAIN. HOW DO I GET THE SMELL OF SMOKE OUT OF THE WOOD.
 A.
Orange Oil to the rescue! It is a fine furniture cleaner and furniture polish. I get mine at Woodcraft.




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2/14/2008

Sanding/Staining Problem


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I have a very old table I have sanded and want to stain. There is one area where I accidentally sanded through the top veneer. It won't take the stain. How do I repair this area so it will stain like the rest of the piece?
 A.
I have done this before and am sorry to say that there is no complete repair for this damage. The big fix is to re veneer. Or you could just try to find a matching pigment wipe on gel stain and do the whole surface to “hide” the damage. Once stained, buff lightly then put on a finish. You can hide most of the damage this way but it will never go away.




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2/14/2008

Oak Table


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. My wife dropped a glass glob on our kitchen solid oak table and it made a dent in the table. Is there a way to pull the dent out without refinishing the table?? Or should I just leave it? The dent is about 1/2" wide and not that deep, but you can see it.
 A.
Try this. Get an all cotton rag and moisten it with water. Squeeze it until the rag remains damp but does not drip. Lay this over the indentation. Use a steam iron on top of this cloth to try to raise the grain. Set the iron on hot steam. Keep it moving at all times so it does not damage the finish or the wood. Try this for about a minute at a time. Let the surface of the table cool between secessions and you can eventually raise the grain back close to where it was. Red oak will repair better than white oak. Why? Steam penetrates better in the more porous red oak.




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2/14/2008

Juniper Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. I am planning dry Juniper wood it is very hard 5/4 8" wide. My problem is chip out around knots they are snoll but several in about a 4' squar about 1/16" deep

 

I have tried both feed speeds and thickness of cut (worse on thinner cut)
 A.
Brittle woods like Juniper are best finished surfaced with drum or belt sanders. Naturally, good dust collection is a must for all resinous woods. If planning, set the knives to just barely remove stock. Say 1/64” per pass. And know that sometimes a knotty board will never be perfect.

 





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2/1/2008

Grain Direction


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

 Q. What's the simplest, most effective way to determine the grain direction on a board bought at the lumber store?
 A.  
Look for the cathedral arch patterns on flat cut boards. The peaks of the arches point to the direction the grain flows.




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1/28/2008

Paneling Finish


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

I recommend using Outdoor Oil by General Finishes. You can not beat the look for your application. Goggle them or buy it at Woodcraft. Put it on when the conditions are dry and it will be long lasting.

 Q.  

I panelled the walls of the garage with 1X6X10 J-GRADE pattern stock.  I like the natural look but I am concerned about protecting the wood. I would like to know the best way to protect it against the effect of heat/cold and the very dry climate of Northern Nevada.

 A.




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8/6/2007

Cherry Wood on Table Saw Question


Answer provided by Mike Van Pelt

Q:

I am making cabinets for my home office.  I am using cherry wood on the face. but the table saw is leaving burn marks on most cuts.   My blades are fairly new and I have tried different blades.  The burning doesn't happen with pine wood.   None of my other tools burn the cherry wood.

           

To fix the burns,  I have tried sanding,  but sometimes it is a lot of sanding.  I also have taken the pieces from the table saw to the joiner,  but that at best takes a 1/32" (but it often takes a couple of passes)

           

Is there a way to prevent burns in cherry wood on the table saw? 

A:

Oh …..the beauty and grace of cherry!  I love the look of cherry.  But it does come with a price.  Cherry wants to burn and avoiding burning in cherry is sometimes difficult.  We need to address three areas in helping to eliminate the burn.

 #1  First of all make sure your saw is cutting square and go through the procedure of checking that the fence and blade are parallel.  

#2  I suggest a 40 tooth ripping blade and

#3  a fairly fast feed rate with cherry.




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6/29/2007

Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: In Canada, where can I get good grandfather clock, plans separate from the gotes itself? On the other hand who sells the inner gotes separate. I also been looking at some place that you can hear the sound of the different gotes available for grandfather clocks. Would red wood make a nice clock case? Please advise me on this and some tips if possible.
A:

I like the clock works from Woodcraft. The Hermle triple chime movement is the best. It is a great buy. If you use redwood know that the wood is very light and prone to splitting. If you can find some old recycled redwood with sapwood accents you will create a masterpiece! Check out the clock plans at thewoodworker’sjournal.com. I have a tall case Shaker inspired design there that takes about 30 hours to make.



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6/29/2007

Window Sash


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I have the window sash bit and would like to begin replacing the window sash in a 100 + 3 flat. What type of wood should I use?  I will be using rough lumber and will mill it as each window dimension varies slightly.
A: I recommend bald cypress for this. It mills great, is light in weight and it is strong too. Plus it is very rot resistant.


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6/29/2007

Wood selection for outdoor use


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I am a woodworker beyond novice and more than amature, but not by much. I've been repairing items around the house and find that some of the woodwork outside the house has need some repair. The next item I want to tackle is the pediment above the front door on our Federal style house. I can't be certain what wood was used, but I'd like to replace it entirely with an new build, and it will be painted and  I know how to  preserve with paint . The requirements for the wood selection are that its easy to work with, but more importantly last as a species long term against the extreme range of  temperatures we get between hot and cold here in Georgia from the sun and ice beyond the preservation applied. I've considered poplar. Are there any drawbacks with this wood for this application? If so, what else would you recommend that won't kill the piggy bank? Any advice would be appreciated and I look forward to your reply. The honey-do list isn't shrinking.
A: I would use White oak, heart bald cypress or western red cedar. All are reasonably priced and very resistant to decay. Especially when primed on all sides then latex top coated. Expect to repaint every 5 years. It is worth the extra work!


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6/29/2007

Moisture Meter


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I'm working a kitchen cabinet with raised panel doors and had a bad experience with some doors...they get twisted or warped after a couple of weeks.  I think the problem was the wood wasn't completely dried or there was to much humidity in the area the cabinets were storaged. Do you think a moisture meter will help to prevent a wet wood to destroy a hard work?
A: I say humidity is the key culprit where you live. So a LignoMat at 99 bucks is a sound purchase. I use mine all the time. It is outstanding. Stable wood should have a 6 to 8 percent moisture content for stability. Plus allow 5/16th of an inch for expansion (across the grain) for every foot of width even with dry wood.


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6/29/2007

Materials


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I am planning to build a series of cabinets for our new laundry.  One for a pantry, one for a broom closet, one for clean laundry, and a sink base.  The material of choice will probably be 3/4" MDF.  Since I am trying to equal the depth of the washer and dryer, is this is the best choice of material?  Or should I look to oak plywood? I am at a loss, just trying to do the best with a semi-limited work shop. Can U help me
A:

Go ahead and step up to Oak or Birch Plywood. It is much less likely to sag over time.

Birch is about 30% less expensive too. MDF is O.K. But Plywood is stronger


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6/29/2007

Homemade Sawdust Wood Filler


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I have been using Titebond white glue and sawdust as a wood filler.  I have also used Titebond III (makes the color darker) and sawdust.  Recently I am noticing the areas that I used both on are shrinking or cracking and falling out after a week or 2.  Do you have a better way or suggest a different glue to use with the sawdust to make a filler to get it in the cracks and be able to sand it smoooth?  I use very fine dust just fyi.  Appreciate any suggestions.
A: Try thick viscosity super gule with saw dust. It works better for me.


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6/26/2007

Wood Puddy


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I just got into wood working last year, what is wood puddy? and how or what do you use it for?
A:

Tim it is the filler used to fix damage and gaps. My favorite is Minwax two part indoor/outdoor epoxy. Wear gloves when you use it. You never want epoxy to contact you in any way.



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6/26/2007

Repairing a Gouge


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q:

What is the proper way in repairing a gouge in a finished piece of furniture?

Gouge is aprox 1/8 deep and ¼ wide

A:

Ouch. It depends on the wood and the finish. The easy way is to use the Soft Wax filler system from FastCap.com. Worth checking out!



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6/25/2007

Topcoat Recommendation for Kitchen Table in Rough Condition


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I have a pine kitchen table in rough condition. It has spots from hot pots, digs, etc. I want to sand down and refinish. What would be the best topcoat for a table in heavy use?
A: The epoxy two-part gloss tabletop finish is just about indestructible. Short of that I recommend 3 coats of polyurethane. Be certain that the sanded surface is wiped clean with minerals spirits completely before applying either of these two finishes. Let the mineral spirits dry completely before application.


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6/5/2007

Alder Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips


Q: Hello , Alder wood is the wood of choice in my area for the higher end cabinet customer looking for a consistent wood that takes a dark stain well . The problem is Alder isnt always as availible as oak or Maple. My questions are ; is there a shortage on Alder and if so why , what does the future look like with an Alder supply . Secondly, some cabinetmakers in the area are going to European Beech as an alternative but the problem I've experienced is the Beech doesnt stain as consistant nor as dark as Alder. Is there a remedy for this?
A: You have to do some staining test samples on poplar. Alder is readily available and affordable. I just finished a bathroom with alder and with the stain people swear it is cherry. Stains can make or break a woodworker. I can take poplar and recreate the same look. Give it a try, you will be pleasantly surprised. Try garnet shellac at a 1-½ pound cut.


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6/5/2007

Primer on Bare Wood


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: Question regards what primer to use on bare wood.

There appear to be three types.
1 - latex
2 - shellac
3 - oil

I have learned that I don't like the latex on wood due the grain raise etc.

Between the shellac and oil, which should you use for what application?
A: Shellac on stain grade work and oil primers on exterior wood works. No doubt about it – paint will hold up ten times better on exterior woodworks than any finish.


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6/5/2007

Walnut Turned Green


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I went to stain some walnut and it turned a slight green . What do you think I should do? I have had aspen/ poplar turn green but not walnut.
A: Well thats weird. I think that the finish you are using has something to do with it. Try a different finish. I hope the wood has moisture content between 6 to 8 percent. Woods with higher moisture will do weird things to some finishes. Are these turnings? If so, sand the moisture out of the wood with friction before applying the finish.


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6/5/2007

Removing Water Stains


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: Is there a good technique to removing water stains from a rough cedar beam?
A: I take it that the beam is inside not outside. Is there a finish on it? If so, try ring out by Behlen finishes. If not finished, I recommend putting a slightly damp all cotton cloth over the surface then try a hot iron on top of the rag over the ring. It might raise the grain slightly but it helps to average the color back in to the marks.


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6/5/2007

Boat with Plywood Teak and Holly Sole


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I have a boat with a plywood teak and holly sole.  The teak and holly are thin veneers on a plywood base. The total thickness is ¼.  This plywood is set over another ¼ sheet of plywood to give a total ½ thickness for structural support.  It is a beautiful floor and quite a few high quality boats use this material.  An engine mechanic recently put a ding in the floor about 1 in diameter.  The boatyard attempted to repair but put in a square teak plug that is unsightly and doesn't match the existing teak color.  I obtained a scrap piece of teak and holly sole from the boat builder which is a slightly different color of teak, but better match than is what is there.  I am considering cutting out a plug of the damaged teak and replacing with a plug of the new scrap teak.  What techniques would you use to do this operation?  I have looked at forester bits and hole saws.  I need a crisp, clean cut of the existing floor and then need to install a bung of the new flooring. To completely remove the damaged teak, I will need to use a 1 ¼ diameter hole saw or forester bit.  I am considering cutting out a ¼ depth of the old teak flooring and leave the underlying ¼ plywood intact (which is O.K.).  As you know, I need an exact 1 ¼ plug to install into the new hole that I cut out.  Any suggestions are appreciated and I look forward to a reply.
A: Jim, I am a wooden boat owner too. I have always owned wooden boats. Experience tells me that if it is water tight and sound never tempt fate. But to fix the looks I just veneer over the areas with matching thin veneer. I use epoxy (West System or System Three) to bond and encapsulate the veneer to the area desired. It is a permanent waterproof fix that makes the boat look 100 percent better.


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6/5/2007

Uneven Finish


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: I recently refinished a breakfast room table top I build some years ago.  It's made of red oak. The original finish was orange shellac with a number of coats of water based polyurethane (it looked really good and had an antique glow to it).  After I sanded the top down to bare wood using a random orbit sander, I stained with a dark walnut (pigment) stain and then finished with polyurethane over that.  In some areas the stain almost came completely off and left the table top with blotches of duller less stained areas.  These lesser stained areas are where I sanded more heavily than the rest ( to get rid of dings, scratches, etc.).  How do I correct this and get the whole table top to look like the areas that are not as heavily sanded (they accepted the stain, are beautiful and full of color)?
A: Tom, I think I have a solution. I assume that you have not used a finish on this table yet since the stain is not right yet. So go back to the sanding and work through 100, 150 and 220 grits. Once sanded use an all cotton rag with mineral spirit vapors (called wafting) to wipe the surface clean of sanding residue and dust. Use blond shellac to fill the grain. Sand lightly. Now apply the stain. Should work like a charm. Sorry about the extra sanding.


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6/5/2007

Wood Grain Filler


Answer provided by Scott Phillips

Q: Hello Scott. My question has to do with the correct procedure in using wood grain filler.  I work mostly in red oak. For table tops I like to make them as smooth as possible. I have been told that you can use the filler, sand it down and then put your stain on the wood. I followed this procedure, however the top took on a different color that the rest of the table. It was much lighter in color.  Please advise the correct way to use a grain filler so that the stain will be the same consistency throughout the project.
A: Try this. Use blond shellac as the first coat. Lightly sand. It acts as a filler and does not affect the color. Zinsser has it available in cans. Never buy it if the date on the cans bottom is more than 6 months old. Shellac is a time sensitive finish that does not perform well if it is old.

After the shellac dries try a wipe or brush on varnish or amber shellac. It will make red oak shine!